Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Position Paper - Essay Example 146). The supporters of this argument indicate that every day and every occasion is different from all the rest. It is, therefore, not right to expect that history will provide viable lessons for the present, let alone the future. My position on this issue is that there are lessons in history. My position is based on three arguments. First, the conditions that lead to a problem in the past are more often than not the same that cause its repeat later in life. Secondly, present problems often result from failures to recognize and handle historical signs of the same. Thirdly, if it is true that the present prepares for the future and that the present will be history in future, and then history will have lessons to give the future. The social structure of the world undergoes minimal changes over the years. This implies that what the cause-effect relationship of incidences and events in history happen to be the same in the present. For instance, the history of war indicates that the causes of the first and second world wars were economic inequality and the search for trade and military superiority. This was caused by the lack of economic corporation. When the First World War ended, the world leaders did not take enough concern to handle the causes and hence the Second World War was inevitable. In both, tension events preceded the war outbreak and fuelled the attacks (Crescenzi, Kathman, and Long, p. 236). Presently, these are the lessons that the world always consider in monitoring the economic and trade environment of the world. This control through the IMF and World Bank, established after WWII is a lesson from history. The implementation of the deductions from those lessons has seen the world through more than 60 years if relatively peaceful existence and lack of conflicts. With capitalism and globalization, the fight for economic superiority in the world is not expected to undergo changes. This implies that the lessons learnt from history will always be

Childcare and Education Essay Example for Free

Childcare and Education Essay B) Evaluate the role of play in meeting the meeting the individual needs of children who are ill Role play is one way in which you can meet the individual needs of children who are ill as it allows the children to freely express themselves and their feelings without the worry of being told what to do and how to do it in a safe environment free from harm an example from one of my day nursery placements was when the room supervisor had the role play area changed to a doctors surgery because quite a lot of children where ill with the chickenpox, so that they werent worried about going to the doctors and could act out different scenarios with their friends. Role play is very adaptable and can be changed to meet each individual childs specific needs an example would be if one of the children in the practitioners care had to go through very serious treatment at the hospital then the practitioner would change the role play area to a mock hospital set up so that the child can express themselves and find out information on what going to hospital is like and for them to be able to explain to their friends what is going on with themselves. Child-led activities and Adult-led activities are another way in which the practitioner can meet the individual needs of a child who is ill, this type of activity allows the child who is ill some control on what their role is in the activity and how they go about completing that role throughout the activity an example from my current primary school placement would be when we did a science experiment on materials. The teacher explained what the children needed to do and showed them a visual demonstration, then the children split into groups of three on separate tables about the classroom. The children then following what the teacher had said carried out the experiment with the different roles split between themselves. One would record the information and draw around the surface splat, another would be dropping the plasticine and the last one would be holding the three different length rulers. Observation and planning helps in meeting the needs of a child who is ill because as a practitioner it allows them to be able to see where the child needs further assistance and for the practitioner to plan the further assistance.

1914-1995 :: essays research papers

Benchmark D: Connect developments related to World War I with the onset of World War II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grade Nine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20th Century Conflict  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analyze the causes and effects of World War I with emphasis on: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and alliances; b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The global scope, outcomes and human costs of the war; c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The role of new technologies and practices including the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines and tanks; d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. World War I was triggered by the archduke and archduchess of Austria-Hungry. The assassination triggered alliances and declarations of war between European nations. The mix of militarism (which meant that the European countries were cocky because of so many new weapons and technological advances and thought they could not lose), Nationalism (which is extreme pride in a group’s country), Imperialism (when countries wanted to expand there power), and Alliances (agreements between countries saying that they have there back). The main fighting happened at the western front and the eastern front. The western front consisted of France, Belgium, and Netherlands. The Eastern front consisted of Prussia, Poland, and Russia. There has been numbers suggesting that there were as much as 8 million military deaths and 6.6 million civilian deaths. The approximate cost in today’s money is about $2.8 trillion. As I mentioned in the beginning the new technology and tactics made countries cocky, these new weapons and tactics also hurt countries too. A perfect example is trench warfare. Trench warfare caused many people to die because of the many dieses that were consumed by the soldiers from being in them for so long. The machines guns were newly created and many did not understand the workings of such weapons. There were allies and central powers, the allies consisted of Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Italy, and the U.S. The Central powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire/Turkey. On November 11, 1918 the Treaty of Versailles was signed and ended the war. The Treaty of Versailles caused many penalties on the central powers, which in part would help lead to World War II. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution including: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lack of economic, political and social reforms under the tsars; b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact of World War 1; c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The emergence of Lenin, Stalin and the Bolsheviks; d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rise of communism in Russia. In 1917 Russia had a revolution that changed the relations that Russia and the U.S. had. When WWI began the king of Russia, Nicholas the II put lots of money into the war.

steroids :: essays research papers

Twenty years ago, when I was a competing professional athlete, I spoke publicly of the frustration of feeling pressured to use anabolic steroids. I felt pressured to compete in an environment where I and many others believed there was an unbridled problem. I mentioned the prevalence of use in adolescents and commented on the training advantage using these drugs gave competitors. At that time, NFL management denied the extent of the problem and little was done. The NFL, to its credit, in 1987 started its non-punitive testing program and proclaimed it was considering random testing. In 1988, in a Sports Illustrated commentary, I predicted the failure of random testing, citing obvious loopholes, and questioned the overall concern of the fans. I solicited the ire of some in the sports media when I suggested medical supervision as an alternative to faulty drug testing. However, you can't monitor a drug problem medically that society wants to pretend doesn't exist. Another issue I wanted to bring forward was urging people to keep the health effects of these drugs in perspective, as well as the sports world's tendency to define this as primarily a public relations issue. I still wonder why some of the reporting of my situation either ignored or minimized some of my known lifestyle heart risk factors (alcohol abuse, for example) in preference to highlighting steroids. Happily, the severity of my health issues and my former addictions are a thing of the past. In the wake of the BALCO scandal and the revelations in Major League Baseball, do any of these issues ring familiar? None of the BALCO athletes (clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative) have ever flunked a drug test. Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig is citing drops in numbers of positive tests in "announced" testing as reasons for optimism. After 20 years of researching this issue, I have earned my pessimism. Has he earned his optimism? For those paying attention at all, the BALCO investigation has reinforced the reality that athletes are using undetectable drugs. Perhaps the optimism in testing is because there is no plan B and Selig is tired of the drug allegations. In 1989, the NFL initiated random testing. This was a smart move for two reasons. First, it showed media and the public that they implemented the strongest policy that technology and the law would allow. Second, it was prior to impending legislation (the 1990 Steroid Anti-Trafficking Act) that re-classified anabolic steroids under Schedule III of the Controlled Substance Act.

All About Me .

Shadira Andrews Writing #5 Night My whole heart stopped when I saw the blood dripping from my arm. Today was a regular day but my whole life changed. It was a sunny day with my cousins, sister, friends and I when suddenly I get a huge scar on my right back-hand. It might look like a burn but it’s not, it’s a terrible long lasting scar. This raggedy old scar is about nine years old but I still remember every single detail of how this happened. An almost trip to the hospital wasn’t supposed to happen with just a game of basketball that I wasn’t playing.This almost fun day was one of the worst days of my life; this was the night of my life. Why do we have to play tag? This game makes me very exhausted but I have to other wise my crush is going to think I am fat. I am going to need about five bottles of Gatorade to stay energized though. We played tag around the school-yard for about 15 minutes but I had to use the restroom so I told everyone that I’ll be back in a couple of minutes. Just before I was completely out of the yard my sister called my name to ask me to get her something from the house.The next thing you know a boy ends up accidently knocking me unto the floor and I slide across the concrete. If I was car and I was making a sharp turn you would only hear me screaking. The boy was playing basketball and I happened to stop right in front of the basketball court. I can’t believe I’m lying on this concrete with nothing but blood and a boy I don’t even know next to me. I blacked out for a moment and couldn’t hear anything, it was so silent but everyone talked. All I could see and remember is the faces on everyone’s face.My sister looked as if she was having a baby, and the boy looked as if he saw something ghastly. Everyone was panicking but what I couldn’t get out of my head is the fact that my stockings ripped; those were new stockings that my mom finally got me so you could say m y facial expression was being annoyed and irritated. By now I have snapped out of my black out. My cousins helped me up while the shamefaced boy offered me bandages. I just remember I really have a full bladder right about now.Night, pain, dusk, and agony is all that filtered the air as I was being carried by a dozen of my relatives, I mean come on was I that heavy did my crush need to know I needed half of dozen people carrying me. All I was thinking was â€Å"Am I going to get into trouble for ripping my brand new stockings? † As soon as I got into the house my dad asked what happened and I just said â€Å"I fell. † I didn’t want my chaos to turn into a royal rumble or something. My dad did the worst thing ever! He grabs alcohol, peroxide, and everything else that’s expected to stings.I automatically start to cry knowing that the felling will soon be excruciating pain. Of course I hate pain and honesty I didn’t feel anything when my skin came off my right back-hand; but when my dad put that alcohol on my open wound I could have said every curse word in the book. Right about now I was speaking gibberish, the pain was unbearable and I couldn’t understand why my dad didn’t just take me to the hospital he is not a doctor. I guess you could say a dad is anything and everything it needs to be at the time being.Pain is such an uncomfortable feeling that even a tiny amount of it is enough to ruin a week. My hand was throbbing and I couldn’t move it or think about it because that just made the situation worst. I tried a lot of things to make the pain fade away. I tried eating ice cream, going to sleep, and even putting a cold rag around the bandage nothing worked. Then, everyone decided to leave me in the house by myself. My mom and dad had to work and my siblings just took it upon themselves to go outside and not tell me. I looked at the clock and it’s approximately five minutes to 12 when there is a kno ck on the door.Now I am not going to lie I was little scared to answer the door since it was so late so since I was short I climbed on the couch’s leg and looked throw the peep hole. It was my crush! Was he going to make fun of me, let’s see? Everything I did our little conversation was the only thing that helped me block out the pain, of course I was blushing he was adorable. I was finally coming into the house with a smile on my face today and that smile easily went away when I saw the time on my round clock, it said it was 12:11 A. M.In conclusion, today was the worst day ever I got hurt pretty bad with a scar that will be on my back-hand for life and I for the first time ever I now know what pain really feels like. I also have a fear of basketball now no lie; every time I play basketball I always seem to get hurt either I get hit in the head with the ball or I hurt my fingers and they become swollen. Every time someone ask me what happened to my hand and if I were burnt, I say no and I have to summarize this whole story. I try not to remember and forget but I can’t forget that pain. â€Å"Pain has an element of blank† Emily Dickinson.

Since its creation in 1903, Buick has been a long Essays - Transport

Since its creation in 1903, Buick has been a long Essays - Transport Since its creation in 1903, Buick has been a long standing giant in the automotive industry. Overcoming bankruptcy just one year after its creation, Buick quickly became " the N umber one producer of automobiles in 1908 , surpassing the combined production of Ford and Cadillac, its closest competitors (Gustin,1993) . " Buick is known for many things; such as the creation of the overhead valve engine or its widely known smooth engines, but Buick is also known to have a reputation for wide bodied boat like vehicles that only elderly people drive. Over the years the reputation of Buick has stayed the same, its an old people car, the "Grandpa of Automobiles (Gustin, 1993) ". But in more recent times, they have changed their whole marketing strategy and have caught the attention of the younger generations with advancements in technology and release newer models with turbocharged engines. These changes however did not change how Buick handles its busine ss, they have attracted younger consumers, but have stayed true to their core market. To attract a younger generation of consumers, Buick had to test out the market in some of the following segments: market value, age on consumers, advertising, popularity, and technological necessities. They had to evaluate exactly how to go about these categories, without jeopardizing their reputation and could not risk losing out on the younger consumer market. Primarily an elderly vehicle, they had to embrace the idea of changing up their entire marketing platform. The company had to remove the image of only elder drivers driving Buicks. The advancements in the physical look of the vehicle also helped with the changing of consumer minds. Buick also launched a series of commercials where the slogan was "Is that a Buick" coming out of the mouths of many young people but also older people, showing that they have revamped their lineup and its indistinguishable as just an old person car. Changing the internals of the vehicle, with newer technologies has also changed the market value for Buick, Including the newest advancements that every company is going for: Apple Car Play and Wireless QI Charging. These new features, and physical changes were only some of the steps to revamp the marketing of the company. Revamping the marketing platform came with the collaboration of Zach King," a trick cinematographer who works in a medium called Vine (Bond,2014) ". King used his fame and notoriety on the social media app to advertise for Buick, and quickly gained them more viewers and followers on social media platforms. King was able to reach the younger generations of consumers, using cinematic enhancements to make the vehicle more likeable. " The average age of the of a Buick buyer was 60.3, the highest of all mainstream makes, and second only to Lincoln, which IHS classifies as a luxury brand. (Bond,2014) " This is a statistic that Buick wanted to change. They researched the market and did surveys on what consumers would like to see in their product. "We're attacking head-on the false familiarity of Buick being an old person's brand . (Colias,2014) " That is the new marketing plan created by Buick-GMC Chief Duncan Aldred. Buick is part of the General Motors family including GMC, Chevrolet, and Cadillac. Since its revamp and relaunch the Buicks sales went up twelve percent from its previous position, while Cadillac dropped to negative two percent in sales. Further on since the revamp, in the second quarter of the following sales year, Buick had an unprecedented number of new customers. " Most Buick newcomers came from Chevrolet at seventeen percent, followed by GMC nine percent, Ford five percent, Toyota four percent and Honda and Cadillac with three percent each. (Colias,2014) " These numbers reflect how well Buick has done with their marketing and research. The numbers that stick out most are the Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac, owned by the same parent company, but Buick has now taken over as the preferred child in the family. Some may ask why Buick did a complete switch up all at once instead of over a few year time span. The answer may not be as simple as we would like to think, but in the opinion of

Notes on the Early Republic Essays

Notes on the Early Republic Essays Notes on the Early Republic Essay Notes on the Early Republic Essay artificially ncreasing the price to make domestic goods to be favorable and thus increasing the economy of the US The Democrats feel the tariffs impinge on Lasie Fair, because it provides unequal advantages to some which might otherwise be selected against and therefore the market is unbalanced. Andrew Jackson was the first president since Washington to give a farewell address. Lived 50 years under constitution, weve come out 0k, IVe got a few things to say, There have never been 13 millions of people involved in a political body who enjoy so much freedom threat to this will come from inside itself, from corruption and greed nd faction loaded word implying political division- and warns the people to guard against it. Jackson stands for the political development of parties and the lassie-faire economics which promotes the ideas hes telling everyone to guard against what he promotes individually, is he being hypocritical? Is it rather that he is putting aside his own personal ideas for the public good mirroring classical ideas of virtue, or is it rather that he feels his ideas at this point are satisfactory and he is warning against the intensification of these ideas in the future to a place out of control, not ecessarily that he is holding two contradictory thoughts in mind. The Market Revolution the free labor ideology A phenomenon from the 1790s to the mid 19th century, a development of commercial activity that is being done specifically for economic gains Main transition is going from a system where people were engaged in production for their own consumption or local exchange (barter or credit) farmers and craftsman who produce a little extra beyond their own needs. The revolution increasingly devote resources to develop a surplus to sell in distant markets beyond the local, important w the development of reat lakes (water) More employees brought in to increase production for distant markets Seeing the beginnings of what will become the industrial revolution, in New England, at the vanguard of change, textile mills, others mills, and the shovel shops right here in Easton, the Ames Factory Some argue that the modern capitalist system being radically developed in this period, is Just the normal workings of the ideas which constitute capitalism or if it was the product of 4 prerequisites ofa modern capitalist system Private Property comes from bourgeois property rights of the enlightenment, specially the means of production are privately held, envision the opposite in communism, where the workers own the factories or means of production, the factory and machines and processors are part of the owners being. A Free Market System A social arena in which goods and services can be exchanged no coercion, a voluntary system, free acting agents come to meet Labor Power as a Commodity Question of Workers, (keep in mind the authority the workers have to call the shots) But actually the productive capacity, the physical act which is different. Labor Power n a Capitalist society, the Laborer if free to sell his or her productive capacity as a commodity. In a slave society, or non free labor system, the employer still has to pay for labor like the slave owner has to pay for the slave themselves and for them to be sustained, but the employees are not paid. The slaves are less workers and more a means of production that is owned, when referring to the capitalist slave system the slaves were not human laborers, but rather the property as the means of production. Power of the State to Guarantee Laws passed and regulations established to ensure hese things coming to be. This is where, to date, political arguments arise debating how much the State can interfere to ensure these things. Healthcare, minimum wage, and bailouts What do you think Gideon Lee would say to the Workers? Stop Wining, get off you ass and work, if you were really persevering then you would not be selected against by the free market and you would maintain a more favorable position in economic society. Is the declaration a complaint on Just the conditions the wage workers are making or is it Just the frustration of the nature of perpetual servitude? Pretty much both. What is it about the slave metaphor in the Declaration? Why is it used? The treatment is equal to that of slaves even though the bounds of employers can be changed, the humiliation and constancy of lifestyle is equally deplorable They are being excluded from the boundaries of freedom, they feel that they have not had the power to control their own destinies, they are in a state of dependency, if freedom is independence, is slavery dependence. But is every form of dependence really slavery, think of children or women to their husbands but points still stand that they are not in control anymore and they dont think thats fair.

The Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius Confucius: Thoughts and Beliefs The thoughts and sayings of Confucius can be referred to as analects of Confucius. They enjoy readership from generation to generation. They also remain quite relevant to today’s leadership. His teachings were quite phenomenon and applicable. Many of these teachings reflect on his life as a child. Also, most of his teachings are a reflection of his desire of how life should be in all aspects. This includes his views on leadership, social life and people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Analects of Confucius specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was against the leadership of the day. This put him in collision with the leadership of the day. He fled to another country. He served in the government of the day but for a short time. After returning, he set out his desire to pass down to his followers his teachings. Many people listened to the teachings of Confucius. He later died an d his teachings enjoy readership in history lessons as classics as noted by Norden (45). The teachings of this ruler, who was exceedingly revered in his reign during the Zhou dynasty, are quite applicable in today’s world. Confucius advocated for a harmonious living between people. The power he said was in the people. Everyone, including the leaders was under the umbrella of proper morals, which he said, was the linen from which the peace of the country was to be made. He advocated for utmost integrity. This is still practiced in china and all over the world. Confucianism is an excellent way to govern people as it recognizes their rights. It does not oppress any one. Leaders are accountable for their actions. There is no room for absolute power. It also encompasses even the most recent concerns of the current times like environment. Confucius advised people to live harmoniously with everything that were at their disposal, including objects (Norden, 13). On the issue of develo pment, he was categorical that it is morally unacceptable to grow on that frontier and ignore other frontiers like cultural growth. He solidly believed that both should be seen to mature together as they intertwine. At some point, he believed, the two will need each other and hence it would be best to grow simultaneously rather than individually. He ideally believed that the world is made in such a way that all should be in harmony. Therefore, in his advocacy for this, he taught people to be kind, not only to their fellow human beings, but also to animals, plantations and all that existed within and around them. Confucius believed there is a need to uphold things that were cultural and ritualistic. These two were largely mentioned by in his teachings and writings. These teachings are other wise called analects of Confucius. During his time, the cultural state of china was greatly respected and people associated with their culture (Norden, 3). Applicability of Analects These teaching s of Confucius are quite applicable in the current world. His fervent beliefs in matters like environment are a headache to governments at the moment. Most governments are grappling with the problem of global warming and it remains to be the most challenging governments’ affair in the next century.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, his belief that people should live harmoniously with the environment is manifesting itself big-time. He was also a crusader for transparency in governments and public institutions. This also remains quite a challenge for governments. This is especially true in third world countries. These countries are grappling with the problem. His ideal style of leadership which vests power in people is still practiced the world over. It was the reason for revolutions that were witnessed thereafter the world over. This was because people wanted to gain the power. He also wanted people to live in peace and have constant realization of the environment in which they lived in. Confucius believed that people should also uphold their cultures. Lack of that, Confucius reiterated, led to lost identity. This is quite true in many countries who keep trying to uphold their identity. This is in forma of many ways including setting up museums and cultural centers (Norden, 23). Overall, the analects of Confucius continue to shape the leadership of the moment in many ways. His societal dimensions in teachings are quite manifest in the world. His presence is felts in all aspects on human living. The leaders of his time ignored his teachings and at some time threatened to jail him. However, he still rules as his values and teachings are the basis of policy making and leadership style in many countries. Compared to leaders of Sayers of his day like Han Feizi, his teachings have continued to stand the test of time. He had workable ideas con cerning leadership. He advocated for rules and regulations and laws. The law of a country, Han Fei believed, was the main determinant of her strength or perceived weakness. Countries that upheld law were strong and those that did not were weak. The people in the country should be seen to have strict adherence to the regulations and laws that govern them. When the public is content with the legalism of a nation, the country, Han Fei wrote, grows on many frontiers including economic, political and social. When a country lacks in legalism, it crumbles on those frontiers and institutions are not respected. There is also public grief towards leadership which may cause havoc. He also pegged the security of a nation, on a number of areas, to how lawful it was. He said that countries where the private sector is regulated and correctly subdued, there was notable growth. However, if the private sector was rogue and uncontrollable, the country loses meaning and many of its institutions crumble . He also applied this to external threats saying that any country, whose internal legal system was credible, appeared to be strong to its enemies. The reverse is true for any country whose internal legal systems are weak (Norden, 45).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Analects of Confucius specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In governing a country, Han Fei said it was important to have morals but they did not supersede the need for regulation. Regulation was the basis from which morality was born according to Han Fei. This is in sharp contrast with Confucianism and hence the reason why Han Fei was critical of leaders who employed during his time. He also seemed to have a soft spot for leadership. He said that it was important for a leader to enjoy legal freedom so as to be able to govern. However, Confucius was of the opinion that leadership should be the initial demonstrators of good morals and hence punished first in case they contravened the same. In Han Feis opinion, this served the purpose of weakening them. During his time, there was little, or dwindling, regard for cultural ways of the Chinese according to (Norden, 47). Han Fei also said that commendation was very important. Leaders should employ it and use often to motivate its delegations. When a minister does something good he should praised and honored. On the contrary, Han Fei said this should go hand in hand with chastisements. Ministers who violate the king’s orders should be reprimanded and possible relieved of his duties. However, his idea for chastisement was highly controversial. This includes torture, death and imprisonment. Commendation is in form of rewards, gifts and accolades. This style of leadership was very common soon after the death of Han Fei. The kings that ruled thereafter were very happy since they could easily pass on their helm to their family putting into consideration Han Fei’s easy ride to it. Confucius advocated for a harmonious living between people. The power he said was in the people. Everyone, including the leaders was under the umbrella of proper morals which he said was the linen from which the peace of the country was to be made. He advocated for utmost integrity. This is still practiced in china and all over the world. Confucianism is a great way to govern people as it recognizes their rights. It does not oppress any one like is the case in Han Feizi. Leaders are held accountable for their actions and there is no absolute power. It also encompasses even the most recent concerns of our times like environment. Confucius advised people to live harmoniously with everything that were at their disposal, including objects (Norden, 45). Conclusion Confucius was the father of Confucianism which is majorly practiced the world over. It is especially true in china. Chinese people revere Confucius for the manner in which he has shaped the politics of the nation up to date. A lthough he may have been unpopular with the leaders of the yester years, he is remarkably popular with the current leaders who look up to him for leadership ways.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also remains to be the most popular. He spirit lives on and is manifest in the many ways his teachings affect people, both socially and leadership wise as noted by Norden (14). Norden, Van. Confucius and the Analects: New Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Current events paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Current events paper - Essay Example Managing adequate levels of inventory is important to ensure that the firm’s inventory balance does not hurt the cash position of a firm. In the retailing industry the merchandise in the shelves of the stores represent the inventory of the company. A way to reduce the cost of acquiring merchandise in the merchandising sector is by purchasing in bulk. Companies that purchase in bulk are able to achieve economies of scale. A way to reduce the risk of losing inventory due to fires, natural disasters, or theft is by purchasing insurance for the inventory of a company. The article Your Inventory is Your Cash: Handle With Care (4 Cost-Cutting Tips) discusses the effect and importance of inventory for companies in the industry. Smart use of inventory is an important factor that managers must consider. A lot of space, sales opportunities and cash are tied up on inventory. Storing adequate levels of inventory is important to achieve sales growth. â€Å"Smart use of inventory is vital for them and also for you, if you keep and store any kind of goods or supplies in the operation of your business† (Williams). Four strategies that must be used to manage inventory are frugality, cost tracking, inventory tracking, and sales monitoring. Proper management of inventory can increase the profitability and cash flow of a company. It is important to minimize the amount of slow selling products on inventory. Minimizing inventory saves warehouse space, prevents products from going bad, and it saves money. Tracking costs allows companies to establish appropri ate price levels for its customers. Monitoring costs gives managers the ability to identify areas for improvement. Tracking inventory can help a company determine the proper reorder point of inventory items. Sales monitoring gives the manager the ability to determine the adequate sales level when demand changes. Inventory management has become a critical

What are the core competencies of a programme manager Essay

What are the core competencies of a programme manager - Essay Example In order for organizations to succeed in their programs, they usually engage a program manager who takes charge of the administration of the particular program (APM 2008 p 26). This is a senior employee who is acts on behalf of the owners of the organization in coordinating the organization’s projects to ensure that they give the desired outcome. He/she is also in charge of ensuring that the projects are not exposed to risks or adverse external factors. The program manager has a responsibility of motivating the project managers and ensuring that they remain enthusiastic about their particular projects in order to ensure attainment of the desirable outcome in all. This helps in maintaining the overall productivity of the organization. The project managers usually analyze the needs of their individual projects and present them to the program manager who mobilizes the desired support from the organization. He has a responsibility of ensuring that the operating environment for each project is favorable for the success of the project (Lewis 2006 p 71). This essay is a critical evaluation of the core competencies of a program manager. These have been discussed in relation to their responsibilities within an organization. Leadership is the responsibility of building ideas and inspiring others as well as making them to believe that they can bring transformation for the better. It involves organizing the talents of every person to get out their best. In order for projects within a particular program to succeed, the leader needs to have a capability of putting efforts to get factual outcomes. He is also required to have the capability of setting objectives harmoniously in order to accomplish a mission and setting priorities right. Leadership involves motivating others to execute some duties and change their belief in certain issues as well as their way of acting. The program manager is

REACTION ESSAY #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

REACTION #2 - Essay Example The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek. This bible was concise and compelling, full of the use of imagery and rhythm. John Donne was a highly influential and eloquent person. He was not only an Anglican priest of the Church of England, but also the dean of the cathedral church in London. He mastered the sermon as the mediation medium. ‘Holy Sonnets’, for example, was one of Donne’s religious poetry. The metaphysical poetry reflected the dramatic contrast of the baroque. The Protestant North also produced outstanding music and undisputed art. George Frederic Handel was a brilliant musician who composed songs in German and Italian. He composed many songs and brought scripture into life in these songs. Christopher Wren who was an architect, scientist and a professor prepared the design of the new city after fire destroyed most parts of the city. Another person who made an enormous contribution in the protestant north was john Milton. He was a humanist, a poet and also a political activist. He fought for the rights of the people in some controversial issues they faced. The protestant devotionals also spread to the Netherlands. I, therefore, acknowledge the development in the Protestant North as the foundation of today’s developments. For instance, the use of poetry in addressing certain issues affecting the local people is still widely

Meaning and benefits of 'diversification in financial markets Essay

Meaning and benefits of 'diversification in financial markets - Essay Example Some markets can be stable with a clear direction while others move up and down without any clear direction. Such markets are said to be volatile and investing in them can be extremely risky. A lot of volatility increases the chances of losing especially if the capital is not large enough to caution the investment from the volatility (Smith and Schinasi, 1999). Allocating Capital The amount of money to invest in each of the markets or instruments solely depends on the investor. There is a percentage of risk the investor is comfortable investing in each of the chosen portfolios. This should also work together with the behavior of the markets in the last few months or years. An investor can invest more percentage of the capital in stable markets and instruments as there is little or no risk. Volatile and unstable markets should only be allocated a small percentage of the capital. In fact, investors should avoid trading volatile markets. If all the markets of interest are very volatile, the investor should consider waiting for volatility to come down before investing. Diversification in the financial markets has many advantages, including; Guaranteed profits: diversification in financial markets almost guarantees profitability. This is because even in the worst-case scenario, some of the markets and instruments will generate profits. ... If the markets were going against the investors bet, they can close the positions at once and remain with little or no losses. With good money management skills, even the others should be able to generate profits after some time. The charges for trading in the various markets are relatively low compared to other types of investments. With that, most of the profits made are retained by the investor (Caruso, Silli, and Umlauft, 2005). Reduced Risk: investing in different portfolios reduces the risk exposure of the capital. As such, it would be hard to lose all the capital. Even if some of the portfolios go at a loss, the investor will be guaranteed that at least some of the portfolios are into profits. In some cases, investors can even hedge, in which case they can make profits in one market while another is negative (Madura, 2012). Leverage: some financial markets institutions work with margin trading. Investors are required to raise a certain proportion or percentage, and the broker tops it up allowing the investor to purchase more units than they would have purchased with their own money. Leverage can increase the profitability factor of an investment but can also lead to substantial losses. Diversification and leverage would allow the investor to venture into different markets and invest in many different investments with little capital (Gilchrist, 2003). Management of Capital: Diversification in financial markets allows easy management and preservation of capital. Investors have access to a variety of tools and software that assists them in determining how they are going to invest, the amount of investments to make on what elements and calculations of the risk to reward ratio.

Discuss accrual accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discuss accrual accounting - Essay Example s with uncollectible accounts expense and valuation method is used for reducing the amount of accounts receivable in the balance sheet known as the Net Realizable Value (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2011). The net credit sales of the current period are multiplied by a certain percentage and this percentage is determined by the company’s past experiences. However, the new companies decide the percentage figure by evaluating the businesses that are present in the same industry. Assuming that a business has net credit sales of $100,000 and the estimated percentage for uncollectibles is about 1%, the bad debts expense will have debit of $1,000. If there is credit allowance for doubtful debts of $150, then the total amount to be recorded is $1,150. In this method, the bad debts expense is calculated by multiplying the total Accounts Receivable amount by a pre-determined percentage. For example, if a company has Accounts Receivable of $100,000 at the end of the accounting period and it is estimated that 5% will not be collected, then the bad debts expense amount will be $5,000 at the end of the period. In the aging method, it is believed that the longer an account’s balance is overdue; there are fewer chances that the debt will be paid and every company maintains the accounts receivable schedule of aging for categorizing the credit purchases of each customer in accordance to the time duration that they have remained outstanding. The total balance of each category is then multiplied by the estimated percentage for that particular category to determine the amount of uncollectible accounts and the total of categories then give the final figure of bad debts expense. Among all the techniques used in the allowance method, the most reliable one is the aging method as it gives a true picture to the business about the amount of Accounts Receivable that will most likely be not collected by the company. This method is the most effective option as it records the expenses on a

Meaning and benefits of 'diversification in financial markets Essay

Meaning and benefits of 'diversification in financial markets - Essay Example Some markets can be stable with a clear direction while others move up and down without any clear direction. Such markets are said to be volatile and investing in them can be extremely risky. A lot of volatility increases the chances of losing especially if the capital is not large enough to caution the investment from the volatility (Smith and Schinasi, 1999). Allocating Capital The amount of money to invest in each of the markets or instruments solely depends on the investor. There is a percentage of risk the investor is comfortable investing in each of the chosen portfolios. This should also work together with the behavior of the markets in the last few months or years. An investor can invest more percentage of the capital in stable markets and instruments as there is little or no risk. Volatile and unstable markets should only be allocated a small percentage of the capital. In fact, investors should avoid trading volatile markets. If all the markets of interest are very volatile, the investor should consider waiting for volatility to come down before investing. Diversification in the financial markets has many advantages, including; Guaranteed profits: diversification in financial markets almost guarantees profitability. This is because even in the worst-case scenario, some of the markets and instruments will generate profits. ... If the markets were going against the investors bet, they can close the positions at once and remain with little or no losses. With good money management skills, even the others should be able to generate profits after some time. The charges for trading in the various markets are relatively low compared to other types of investments. With that, most of the profits made are retained by the investor (Caruso, Silli, and Umlauft, 2005). Reduced Risk: investing in different portfolios reduces the risk exposure of the capital. As such, it would be hard to lose all the capital. Even if some of the portfolios go at a loss, the investor will be guaranteed that at least some of the portfolios are into profits. In some cases, investors can even hedge, in which case they can make profits in one market while another is negative (Madura, 2012). Leverage: some financial markets institutions work with margin trading. Investors are required to raise a certain proportion or percentage, and the broker tops it up allowing the investor to purchase more units than they would have purchased with their own money. Leverage can increase the profitability factor of an investment but can also lead to substantial losses. Diversification and leverage would allow the investor to venture into different markets and invest in many different investments with little capital (Gilchrist, 2003). Management of Capital: Diversification in financial markets allows easy management and preservation of capital. Investors have access to a variety of tools and software that assists them in determining how they are going to invest, the amount of investments to make on what elements and calculations of the risk to reward ratio.

Phonetics and Phonology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Phonetics and Phonology - Essay Example This paper examines the nature and purpose of the traditional system of phonetic notation and analysis which is based upon units of analysis called â€Å"segments†. It outlines the usefulness of this concept, and also its limitations, especially in the light of modern technologies which provide a wealth of very detailed scientific data on how sounds are produced by the human organs of speech. The concept of â€Å"coarticulation† is presented against the background of these traditional and more modern methodologies for analysing human speech, and finally Laver’s (1994) view of coarticulation is evaluated in depth using examples from English and a few other languages. When a person speaks in any human language the sound emerges in a stream without any clear breaks between words. This is of course very difficult to analyse in one fluid stream and so scholars over the years have had to devise a method of breaking human speech into component parts. A fundamental distinction between vowels and consonants is one of the most obvious that can be made and forms the basis of standard phonetic notation. Vowels are sounds which emerge in a stream of air coming through the mouth and consonants are sounds which occur when this air is interrupted, or stopped by one or more of the speech organs such as the vocal cord, tongue, lips and teeth. A vowel and consonant occurring together are termed a syllable. These distinctions are represented in the world’s alphabets by various systems of written symbols, so that most people are familiar with these simple concepts. In phonetics there are more precise terms to describe the nature of the stops, and there are s everal notational systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet which capture individual phonemes. These international conventions are very useful for distinguishing between the sounds of different languages, or of different speakers using the same language. All of these descriptors of small parts

Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Essay In 1956, the Mondragon Cooperative Corporation, or MCC, made a small start in Basque region of Spain, at the initiative of five young engineers, inspired by a Catholic priest by the name of Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta. Today it has emerged as a truly multi-billion dollar international enterprise with a highly integrated network of 100 MCC cooperative enterprises and competes quite successfully with conventional capitalist corporations both locally and worldwide. The success of this alternative business model in predominantly capitalist system can be judged from the fact that today there are 750,000 co-operatives worldwide with about 760 million members. There is abundance of information and literature documenting the success of the Mondragon experiment and its comparative analysis with conventional capitalist corporations on various organisation aspects. This essay aims to put a special focus on position and treatment of two key stakeholders, shareholders and employees, while comparing MCC with General Motors (GM), a well renowned US corporation. This essay is structured into four sections: the first outlines the historical development and ethical foundation of the MCC in much abbreviated terms. The second section provides a generic and ideological comparison the two corporations. The third section adds granularity in similarities and contrasts with specific examples from MCC and GM. The fourth section aims to touch upon the ethical perspectives within the two corporations and critiques the approaches. Finally, Section five, concludes the essay by presenting key insights from the MCC experiment for corporations in 21st century.

Purposes of Performance Management and Appraisals

Purposes of Performance Management and Appraisals In this report we come across the processes done in performance management in an organisation to link the employee activities with organisational goals. The word performance management can be split up as performance with management. Performance means what is expected to be delivered by an individual or by a set of individuals within a time frame in terms of results or efforts tasks and quality with specifications of conditions under which it is to be delivered. Performance has many dimensions- output or result dimension, input dimension, time dimension, focus dimension, quality dimension and cost dimension. Performance management is the process of creating a work environment or setting in which people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities and talents. Performance management is basically a managerial process which consists of planning performance, managing performance through observation and feedback, appraising performance and rewarding performance. It is a holistic and disciplined approach which includes planning, monitoring, developing, rating and rewarding employee performance. The purpose is to translate organisational goals into individual goals and to train the employee on how to improve job performance on a periodic basis. This purpose also involves how to communicate managements expectations regarding employee performance and provide feedback to the employee about job performance. To identify the employees strengths and weaknesses and to determine what kind of development activities might help the employee to better utilise his competencies/ skills on the job. Organization plans and priorities need to be translated into service, team and individual performance objectives. Agreeing individual performance and employee development needs is normally carried out using a combined performance appraisal and staff development process. This approach provides the framework for helping managers to translate service and team plans into individual plans and objectives and agree how these will be met. Individual plans and objectives are most effective when both manager and employee agree them. Objectives should be specific, measurable, agreed, and realistic and time bound (SMART). Develop an internal communications system: It is normally accepted that to be effective messages need to be communicated in a range of different ways that really target the group of staff you are trying to reach. There is a wide range of different approaches that can be adopted to ensure staffs kept in contact with key performance issues. For example, there are staff briefings; meetings; lunch time seminars; use of the intranet; mini articles or stories in staff magazines; posters; bulletin boards; email alerts; line management and supervision meetings. Conducting regular staff surveys and running a suggestion scheme are also important ways of ensuring that employees have opportunities to feedback on a wide range of issues that will impact directly or indirectly on organisational performance. Ensure the performance appraisal system is in place, is well understood and working effectively: A performance appraisal system is traditionally used to set objectives, identify support needs and measure progress against objectives. For it to work effectively it needs to be clearly understood by both managers and employees. This means ensuring that managers have access to guidance and training to ensure that they manage performance effectively throughout the year and employees at all levels within the organization have the necessary support, guidance or training to enable them to actively engage in the performance appraisal process. The performance appraisal system should also be regularly reviewed to ensure that it is achieving what is required. Support employees to help them perform well: Effective induction and probation processes for new employees are extremely important in setting the right expectations for performance on both sides. If this early stage is managed well it may be possible to intervene to prevent or minimise individual capability issues later on through personal development or redeployment. Feedback from this process may also highlight problems with job design or recruitment processes, which then need to be rectified. Responsibility for meeting staff development needs may be addressed in the team or service or may be fed back to a central HR function for action. Whatever the approach, the organization needs an overview of its organisational capability and how it plans to address any gaps that will hamper the achievement of its objectives. This strategic human resource management would normally be the responsibility of the HR function. Developing employee capacity to deliver organization objectives is likely to be achieved in a variety of ways. All employees, even those who have been in the same post for some time, should be encouraged to consider how they are performing and what else they could learn or do differently to deliver better services. In some cases these needs will be adequately met through attending training courses but there are many other possibilities, such as job shadowing, mentoring, e-learning, and working on projects or reading manuals. Wherever possible the employee should be given the opportunity to agree the most suitable option. Performance needs to be actively managed and monitored throughout the year. An essential part of this dialogue is the giving and receiving of feedback. For this to work effectively the organisational climate must encourage the sharing of both success and failure. Without this employees will be reluctant to comply and the quality of the feedback may be lacking. As well as managers, employees at all levels in the organization may also need support, guidance or training to enable them to actively engage in the performance appraisal process. Seek performance improvement: At organisational level, this will mean identifying what the barriers are to effective performance and putting in place a plan to deliver improvement. At both team and individual level the principles will be the same, but it may be more difficult to manage, as individual sensitivities and complexities may be at the fore. Having in place a clear process for dealing with inadequate performance is important. Identifying the reason for inadequate performance is the first step. From this the organization can determine further action, which may involve disciplinary procedures; additional training or support; monitoring and review mechanisms; redeployment; changing job roles or in some cases dismissal. It is also important that learning from these actions is taken on board, for example to improve future performance management mechanisms or selection methods. Formal capability or disciplinary proceedings take time, effort and resources, which could otherwise be targeted at more positive interventions, such as recognising good performance. If performance management is embedded into day-to-day management practice it is likely that inadequate performance will be managed and improved before it gets to this stage; that is why following the performance management cycle on an ongoing basis is so important. Organization should also review job design and work flexibility as ways of improving performance. Recognise and reward good performance: This is the part that many organisations forget; instead they take good performance for granted and focus on those who have not met the standard. However, to retain motivation and continuously improve, it is essential that good performance is recognised and where appropriate, rewarded. Recognition and reward will mean different things to different people; for some financial reward in the form of pay rises or bonuses may be important, whereas for others recognition that their contribution has made a difference will be enough. When determining what will be the most appropriate reward the organization will need to understand what motivates their workforce and how they can meet this need. Pay systems and processes will be important, but it will also be necessary to identify other reward mechanisms such as opportunities for development and career progression. Recognising performance is also about sharing success stories across the organisation and highlighting how good performance helps the organisation as a whole. This may also help with sharing good practice and learning about what works. Performance management system in contemporary business organisations in Australia: In general, the contemporary businesses organizations in Australia mainly implements three major steps in performance management process. They are as follows: Performance planning Performance development Performance appraisal Performance planning: Planning is the first step in performance management. This is mainly followed by performance coaching and development. Then appraisal and evaluation come into play. Two of the keys to performance management are planning, setting expectations and making evaluations. Expectations can be goals but they are often nothing more than statements of acceptable, desired performance, activity and progress. What is critical is that expectations be clear, to both manager and the employee. The third key, of course lies in the development process and the skills of managers in carrying out employee development through coaching and problem solving. Although the performance appraiser may help to identify training needs and problems, the appraisal interview itself is not the time to coach. Coaching should take place during the months prior to appraisal. Like effective feedback, training for development requires skills in addition to an appropriately structured situation. Performance development: Training is the one of the most important step in the performance development. The Key to performance development is coaching. For example if a manager and an employee have engaged in performance planning, then performance development through coaching should be fairly straight forward, the role of a coach is quite different from that of an appraiser. The coach is a helper, who helps the employee, identifies problems he/she may be having and who helps the employee find ways to solve those problems. The role of the manager is not to assemble information and explain what went wrong to the employee, but to work with the employee to examine the information and identifying whether or not the performance is on track. The role of the manager is to give the employee useful feedback. Effective coaching depends on mutual exploration of problems and development of possible solutions. The coaching mainly consists of telling employees how to do it right. The Coach should work with the employee to help him develop better, more effective ways to do a job or fulfil the expected performance. The managers should take problem solving approaches. Effective performance development through coaching requires a problem solving approach on the part of the manager. Unfortunately many managers neither understand this, nor do they have the feedback, and problem solving skills, needed to make such an approach work. Coaching forms a critical part of the performance management process. The main function of coaching sessions make sure that performance expectations are fulfilled or that employees make desired changes in their work activities. Performance appraisal: The Performance appraisal plays an important role. The performance appraisals can be defined as- any procedure which helps the collecting, checking, giving , sharing, and using of information collected from and about the people at the work for the purpose of adding to their performance at work. Performance appraisal procedures have many different purposes. And appraisal procedures main function is developing people and or organisations by using information about the behaviour of the people at work. It is mainly concerned with establishing controls on the behaviour of people or bringing about change in their behaviour by: Evaluation. Auditing. Constructing Succession plans. Discovering training needs. Motivating staff. Developing individuals. Performance management in Australian companies: Many of the Australian organizations are facing human resources related problems especially related to employees. In order to overcome those errors we need to implement better performance management system. These problems mainly arise due to lack of proper planning, development and performance appraisal. Performance management and performance appraisal system are never the same. People mistake that both are same but they are different. Appraisal is a part of performance management. We have aspects like planning, performance auditing and evaluation. There are several issues raised in recent review of a performance management program implemented in Australian companies. In short, appraisal is the way a performance management programs gains evaluative information. But, the connection between the two is worth emphasising because schemes are often proposed and promoted as purely developmental as being divorced from appraisal processes. Performance management is rarely successful implemented as a formal program with out of some form of appraisal as a way of gathering information about performance and appraisal only succeeds when it implemented as a part of performance management program which provides the necessary supportive structures and opportunities. Due to this indifference between t he two, organizations are facing complexities. The problems inherit in a performance management system deals with if the system is designed to posses certain characteristics these characteristics mainly helpful to reduce subjectivity in implementation of performance management system. Separate evaluation and development appraisals Specifying performance standards Use job related performance criteria Use appropriate performance data Provide ongoing feedback Developing relationship between employer and employee Increasing appraisals use multiple rate Train appraisal, apple process, top management support fit with organisational culture and are the main important characteristics that should be followed for implementation of performance management in the organisation for achieving great organisational goals Responsibilities for effective performance management: For effective performance management implementation the organization needs to take into account a number of factors. Among these are: Managers must be fully trained not only in the techniques of interviewing and career counselling but also must be conversant with the aims and objectives of the schemes. Performance management tries to develop the idea of a shared vision and it is the task of the manager to ensure that the employee is able to see his part in that vision. There must be top management commitment to the system. The performance management system should be tailor made to the needs of the organisation, and it should be aim to help or support, develop, a culture of high achievement and performance. The Commitment of the organisation to the scheme, as well as the benefits that will flow from it should be communicated to all employees. The scheme should be designed properly in such a way as to support the achievement of the organisations mission, and realisation of its values. The principal accountabilities of employees and managers should be clear in order that all are aware of their objectives, the standards of performance expected of them the techniques that will be used to assess their performance. It is important to develop and integrated approach to achieving more committed employees and better motivated and develops within them attitudes and behaviour that lead to enhanced performance. This would include performance counselling and training and carrier planning The organisations must follow the main models of performance management; this performance management cycle consists of five elements. Setting performance objectives. Measuring outcomes. Feed back of results. Rewards linked to outcomes, and Amendments to objectives and activities Thus companies in Australia should make sure that the above responsibilities are to be assigned and to follow in order to achieve the organisations excellence. Performance information and the performance of sales assistance: The performance of sales assistance in a selected business plays a major role with the help of sources of performance information in one of the main processes in the organisation. Fairness of performance management: It is very important to monitor the introduction of performance management very carefully but it is equally crucial to continue to monitor and evaluate it regularly in an organisation. The method of monitoring and evaluation is to ask those involved managers and individuals. The evaluation can be carried out by members of a group and/or by the HR function. Individual interviews and focus group discussions can be supplemented by a special survey of reactions to performance management, which could be completed anonymously by all managers and staff. The results should be feedback to all concerned and analysed to assess the need for any amendments to the process or further training requirements. An example of a performance review evaluation form and typical attitude survey questions are given as follows: How effectively was the review meeting conducted in each of the areas listed below? Rate each aspect of the review meeting as follows: very effectively effectively fairly effectively not very effectively How would you rate the overall effectiveness of the meeting? very effective effective fairly effective ineffective How did you feel after the meeting? highly motivated reasonably well motivated not very well motivated motivated There are different methods being followed for appraising or evaluating performance of employees in an organization. Some of the methods are discussed as below: Past-Oriented Appraisal Method: Future-Orientated Appraisal Method: Past oriented appraisal method: The past oriented appraisal method includes the following steps: Essay Paired Comparisons Forced Distribution Behavioural Checklist Critical Incidents Graphic Rating Scale Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) Future-Oriented Appraisal Methods: The future oriented appraisal methods include the following steps: Management By Objectives (MBO) Self-Appraisal Psychological Appraisals Assessment Centres These are the main important methods for evaluating the performance management of an employee for achieving organisational goals. Thus we can evaluate the employees performance using above methods where we can achieve organizational goals through employees.

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality :: Philosophy Essays

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality ABSTRACT: Consider the paradox of altruism: the existence of truly altruistic behaviors is difficult to reconcile with evolutionary theory if natural selection operates only on individuals, since in that case individuals should be unwilling to sacrifice their own fitness for the sake of others. Evolutionists have frequently turned to the hypothesis of group selection to explain the existence of altruism; but group selection cannot explain the evolution of morality, since morality is a one-group phenomenon and group selection is a many-group phenomenon. After spelling out just what the problem is, this paper discusses several ways of solving it. Introduction The term ‘evolutionary ethics’ denotes an approach to naturalistic moral philosophy which seeks to explain how moral traits and behavior evolved. Sophisticated versions of evolutionary ethics do not argue that the moral judgments of each and every individual can be predicted given only the tenets of evolutionary theory. Rather the aim is usually to show that human beings possess moral traits because such traits confer a selective advantage. The motivation for this kind of view lies in a broader naturalism: if moral philosophy is to be founded on a naturalistic understanding of human beings and their place in the world, and if evolutionary theory gives us the best (kind of) account of the natural history of human beings, then moral philosophy will need to be brought in line with (some version of) evolutionary theory. Shaping moral theory so that it is possible to explain the selective advantage of moral traits and behavior is thus the vocation of evolutionary ethics. One of the intriguing problems confronting evolutionary ethics is to solve the apparent paradox of altruism. According to evolutionary theory, natural selection entails that in general only the fittest individuals in any given biological population will survive and reproduce. An organism’s evolutionary telos, or goal, seems to be to promote its own fitness in order to survive long enough to reproduce. In situations where an organism confronts a choice between enhancing its own fitness and enhancing the fitness of others, it would seem to follow that the organism will (or "ought to," or should be expected to) choose to enhance its own fitness. (1) The paradox arises because empirical facts seem to contradict this prediction of evolutionary theory. In a wide range of cases, and among organisms of differing levels of sentience and sapience, individual organisms frequently behave in ways that promote the fitness of some group (especially but not always a kin group) at the expense of their own individual fitness.

The Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman ess

The Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In America, anyone with some drive, some talent, and half a brain can be a success.   Or so Willy Loman believes.   Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man who seems predestined for failure, though he tries his best to succeed. Willy Loman is a symbol for the common man who tries and tries and tries, but is somehow unable to attain the "American Dream" of status and success.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Miller combines the archetypal tragic hero with the common American citizen. The result is the anti-hero, Willy Loman. He is a simple, unsuccessful salesman whose only goal in life is to become a respected, successful salesman.   Nevertheless, Willy's waning career and old age aren't enough to alert him to the fact that simply being a failure isn't enough; you have to admit the fact to yourself.   As a result, the drama of the play lies not so much in the unfolding of events, but in Willy's deluded perception and recollection of them as the audience gradually witnesses the tragic demise of a helpless man. In creating Willy Loman, Mille... ... ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Death of a Salesman. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice, 1983. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature. Ed. Sylvan Bates New York: Longman, 1997. 1163-1231. Parker, Brian. "Point of View in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman." University of Toronto Quarterly 35 (1966): 144-47. Rpt. in Koon. 41-55 Stanton, Kay. "Women and the American Dream of Death of a Salesman." Feminist Readings of American Drama. Ed. Judith Schlueter. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1989. 67-102.    The Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman ess The Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In America, anyone with some drive, some talent, and half a brain can be a success.   Or so Willy Loman believes.   Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man who seems predestined for failure, though he tries his best to succeed. Willy Loman is a symbol for the common man who tries and tries and tries, but is somehow unable to attain the "American Dream" of status and success.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Miller combines the archetypal tragic hero with the common American citizen. The result is the anti-hero, Willy Loman. He is a simple, unsuccessful salesman whose only goal in life is to become a respected, successful salesman.   Nevertheless, Willy's waning career and old age aren't enough to alert him to the fact that simply being a failure isn't enough; you have to admit the fact to yourself.   As a result, the drama of the play lies not so much in the unfolding of events, but in Willy's deluded perception and recollection of them as the audience gradually witnesses the tragic demise of a helpless man. In creating Willy Loman, Mille... ... ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Death of a Salesman. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice, 1983. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature. Ed. Sylvan Bates New York: Longman, 1997. 1163-1231. Parker, Brian. "Point of View in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman." University of Toronto Quarterly 35 (1966): 144-47. Rpt. in Koon. 41-55 Stanton, Kay. "Women and the American Dream of Death of a Salesman." Feminist Readings of American Drama. Ed. Judith Schlueter. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1989. 67-102.   

Blood Bank

Blood bank Although there are any complicated instruments in the blood bank department, but it’s a very important and sensitive section of the medical laboratory as it deals with donors and acceptors of the blood, it transfer for leukemia and thalasemia patients, new born and cancer patients and so many cases blood bank save their lives. Tests that are carried in this department: 1- Some tests, which included donated free of diseases, serology tests 2- blood grouping 3- rhesus factor†Rh† 4- direct & indirect coombs test 5- cross matching 1-serology testsTo ensure that donated free of infectious diseases as HIV, Hbs, VDRL These tests are rabid tests using a card [pic] 2- blood grouping Red blood cells contain on their surface on Ag A,B, and the have their antibodies in the serum on the same red blood cells. That means, that every blood group can give a specific other group and receive also from a specific one in order to avoid agglutination and so blood clotting. [p ic] Method 1: On a slide put two drops of blood- -Add a drop of anti A on the first blood drop, and a drop af anti B on the second blood drop – mix and wait for 2 minutes – observe the agglutination if happened with anti A the blood group is A [pic] You can use a test tube instead of the slide, and then put the tubes in the centrifuge and watch the agglutination found 3- Rhesus factor â€Å"Rh† Is a complex antigen â€Å"D† found on the red blood cells and has its anti in the serum of the blood. 85 % are Rh + which has D in their blood Its very dangerous if persons, which are Rh negative received Rh positive it makes agglutinations, and may lead to death. Method : -As in the blood grouping -Put a drop of blood + a drop of anti D Mix together, observe the agglutination – -If found any agglutinations, its Rh positive. -direct & indirect coombs test This test is carried out to detect the presence of incomplete antibodies, which would react with double of complete antigen making a clot. And these are very serious and dangerous cases. A- direct coombs test Detect antibodies reactive with RBCs and conjoined Bhaotkon these objects is incomplete and not have the ability to cause coagulation alone and shows Taktherha only after the addition of serum Coombs. This test is very important in diagnosis many cases, the most popular is â€Å"Hemolytic anemia of new born†, lead poisoning, some drugs, inherited hemolytic anemia.Method: -Add drops of blood in a test tube and wash using saline 2-3 times( â€Å"wash† as the word means, add saline to the blood and through the filtrate 2-3 times making a bloody suspension) – add 2 drops to the washed Rbcs, and put the tube in the centifuge – examine the formation of any agglutination first with nacked eyes then using microscope. – if found it’s a positive coombs test B- indirect coombs test: to detect the presence of free antigens in the blood, not attached to red blood cells. Method: – prepare a sample of blood group O+ and wash with saline 2-3 times 2- put drops of patient serum in a test tube, add 2 drops of washed O+ blood 3- put in a water bath for 40-60 minutes 4- after 50 minutes add â€Å"bovine serum albumin† to the tube 5- wash again with saline 3-4 times 6- add 2 drops of coombs anti human globuline, and then put into centrifuge 7- observe the presence of agglutination 8- if found before add coombs reagent = presence of anti D 9- If found after add coombs reagent= presence of incomplete anti D 10- If not found at all= negative test. [pic] -cross matching The cross matching test is very important in case of blood transfusion from donors to acceptors as the blood group and Rh should be identical to each other. So sample of blood of donor and acceptor is added to each other and checking for any formation of clotting, if found that indicates that they are not suitable for each other At first the blood group and th e Rh type is detected before carring out the cross matching, and they should be identical Simply add drop of donor blood + drop of acceptor blood and mix well and watch for agglutinations formedIf any agglutination formed that’s means the donor and acceptor blood are not identical The figure below explain the procedure briefly. [pic] Blood bags colors: For keeping blood bags colors are as follows: Red is the color of blood is used to save the type (o) Yellow color is used to save the blood of type (a) Green color is used to save the blood of type (b) Blue color is used to save the blood of the type (ab) This poster, which shows color should clarify the patient's name and for keeping the blood bag and the type of preservative and temperature required to save the blood and the name of the hospital blood and date of preparation.Anticoagulants used in blood bags: Is non-clotting materials added to the blood bags Blood Bag These materials vary its chemical content, which in turn a ffect the period of keeping the blood. 1 – Material CPD: It knows its components citrate phosphate dextrose and that preserve blood for 21 days after mixing blood, under colder than 2-6 degrees Celsius. 2 – Article CPDA: They are the materials the previous addition of adenine, which in turn kept the blood for 29 days in the same previous methods. 3 – Article CPDA-I: This article reservation blood for 35 days ,save the whole blood.These three materials used amount of 63 cm ? full unit of blood is added about 400-450 cm ? of whole blood by withdrawing blood from the donor. Where that blood saves temperatures of 2-6 degrees Celsius private refrigerators to save the blood. 4 – SAG-M material or substance ADSOL: used to save the concentrated red blood cells for a period of 42 days degrees cooler than 2-6 degrees Celsius. This method using a 100 cm ? the sag-m or ADSOL be present unit separate from the whole blood units and connected pipe tight and sterile.As t he blood drawn from the donor and mixes textured CPD usual and after by the apartheid regime through centrifugal force refrigerated centrifugation separates blood plasma to the unit empty neighboring unit blood then keep red blood cells concentrated alone which are added directly 100 cm ? of the foregoing adsol / sag-m to keep red blood cells to centralize for a period of 42 days. 5 – Article Djileerool glycerol: Reservation concentrated red blood cells for a period of 15 years or more and under cooler from 65 to 200 degrees Celsius below zero.This modern way used to freeze red blood cells concentrated from rare species or negative and is dissolving blood frozen after that when usage and the need for washing cells red, textured saline-glucose solution to remove material Djileerool of blood and then later used these red blood cells to patients. The means of blood plasma and sludge near, it is frozen in freezers less degree cold out to about 30 to 35 degrees below zero and one year AD full, but platelets, they kept for five days in a continuous motion to prevent damage, and the degree of conservation of 20-22 degrees Celsius.Types of Blood Transfusion Blood Transfusion: Full blood transfusion whole blood: The simplest kinds of transport where blood is taken from the donor and kept in the fridge at a temperature close to almost 8 degrees. Which is used during times of emergency, But loses its anti-bleeding elements. Transfer plasma: As we know consists of blood â€Å"red blood cells + plasma† If red blood cells transport oxygen. The tasks of the plasma containing elements prevent blood clots. And thus will be useful for many patients and gives better results and faster as patients liver.As well as a pint of pure plasma is easier on the body of a mixed-liter of whole blood. Transfer platelets: It is relatively more expensive and needs modern major hospitals. Or be separated manually through lab technician but needs a sterile room at 100%, which may b e difficult to get it continuously. The mean platelet extract â€Å"only† from the donor and returned the rest of the blood â€Å"plasma + erythrocytes† donated to the same moment. It is suitable for patients who suffer from a shortage of blood platelets, which help heal wounds. Refrigerators Blood Bank: You will find two types of refrigerators: – refrigerators for keeping blood bags full whole blood: And often have gate transparent glass shelves. Each rack of a particular department or certain species. There is, for example, a special rack Balveselh A-or there is a special rack, Department of Orthopedic.. Each section has a share of the blood bags. There is a special rack emergency. Wharf special surplus â€Å"given any section†. Refrigerator temperature appears on a small digital screen. In addition, the average temperature of 8 degrees Celsius. 2 – refrigerators to save plasma bags: temperature of about 43 below zero ..Because plasma contain ele ments prevent icing and prevent bleeding and proteins need to lower temperatures to save Blood transfusion bags: Per bag hose blogger called â€Å"tube†, Recorded in the book Blood Bank. As an example: No. This bag is hose 123456a .. And on each paper bag writable. Adzun â€Å"name of the donor† and â€Å"the name of the patient† and â€Å"taking blood† and â€Å"blood†. Daily and periodically examine the contents of refrigerators of blood bags and review its date. In the event of termination validity blood bag is left out of order execution .. Blood bags execution: Be executed â€Å"get rid† of blood in two cases.Either analyzes showed that the donor patient in one of the viruses â€Å"hepatitis or AIDS or syphalis† Or â€Å"expiration blood†. Collect the bags to be culled in environmental bags â€Å"red†. And closes tightly car to take them medical waste to get rid of them safely through the burning in special containe rs .. Books of blood transfusion: All data is recorded books, Name of the donor, blood type and result of the analysis and the compatibility and tube. When asked for any blood bag section. The technician or doctor reviewed the book and the contents of the fridge and writes a receipt or revenue blood bag, such as banks completely

Starbucks Marketing mix

Below is a table for you to apply the elements of marketing mix (7Ps) to your selected business organisation. Starbucks Product and service -Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular or decaffeinated coffee beverages, a special â€Å"coffee of the day,† and a broad selection of Italian-style espresso drinks. In addition, customers could choose from a wide selection of fresh-roasted whole-bean coffees.When you walk into the Starbucks, you notice they are promoting specialty rinks or products within the store. For example they promote their new coffee by giving free samples to their customers and that maximise the publicity of the product and generate revenue for the business. Packaging Creative and innovative packaging is what Starbucks does so that they can be seen and get noticed in the crowded market of coffee. For Example they redesign the packaging of their coffee to recreate the shopping experience and quickly identify the coffee by roast.The new packaging of their coffe e gets the attention of new ustomers because customers can choose what kind of coffee you want Just by looking at the package (different colour, message). Price -Price and pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, as it is the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organisation/business. In July 2013 Starbucks decided to raise the price of their beverage by 1%, they claim that the price increase is due to rising labour and non-coffee commodity costs.Starbucks raise prices to maximize profits from these price insensitive customers who now depend n their strong gourmet coffee. Rather than trying to compete with cheaper chains like Dunkin, Starbucks uses price hikes to separate itself from the pack and reinforce the premium image of their brand and products. Place -Starbucks takes a thoughtful and strategic approach when choosing their store locations, carefully considering many factors including community demand. We are always looking for great location s to both better meet the needs of our current customers and to reach new ones.They did research on different areas before utting a store there, based on things like demand, traffic and parking, they may conclude multiple stores will serve customers better. People The baristas (employees) are the foundation of Starbucks. â€Å"When it comes to providing Starbucks customers an exceptional experience, our baristas are as important as the quality of the coffee that we serve†. http://www. starbucks. com/ Baristas really are the face of Starbucks. They are an important part of their customers' day, and experts in handcrafting delicious, perfect beverages.Connecting nd creating the moments that make a difference in each person's day. Processes Starbucks uses coffee from different origin. I will choose one of them and describe the process from the supplier to the customer. Decided to take a look at the Ethiopian coffee, as his name says it came from Ethiopia, it is a medium-bodied c offee who offers soft, velvety notes of dark chocolate, subtle hints of peppery spice, and sweet, mandarin-like citrus for a balanced and approachable taste in the cup.From Ethiopia to the Starbucks manufacturer where the coffee is roasted packages and directly end to their stores where the coffee is available for customers. Physical evidence Starbucks provides information on its products, business partnerships, and career opportunities on its website. The famous Starbucks Logo (which is green and features a partially nude siren) has stayed largely unchanged since its origin, However it has been altered to adjust to international sensibilities. Starbucks uses white cups with their green logo on it, it comes with different sizes.It was specially design to resist heat, mainly because they serve hot beverage. It also comes with a lids. Branding The Starbucks brand has amazingly been able to create a reputation for itself as a very hip and mainstream coffee hub. People of all ages, incl uding adults and young teens, are flocking to this coffee franchise to enjoy all the different caffeinated and specialized drinks it has to offer. Over the years, the Starbucks brand has cleverly re- branded its products and coffee cups in order to cater for a more modern generation and the company has benefit from it as a result.

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Accounting - Assignment Example The healthcare sector represents a major part of America’s economy. Current expenditure on healthcare exceeds 15% of the GDP and Economists project it to hit $4.2 trillion or 20% of the GDP by 2016. Yet according to Commonwealth Fund’s analysis of World Health Organization data, America ranks last among developed nations in preventable mortality with over 47 million Americans lacking health insurance. Additionally, healthcare continues to be one of the fastest growing components of the economy, growing at a faster rate than the GDP. Health related expenditure is a large and growing segment of government budgets. Last year, healthcare expenditure accounted for one quarter of federal spending. From the public interest point of view, the economic stakes in healthcare reform is high. However, it is wise to note that for all the problems, the United States healthcare system has much strength and policy makers should not lose the good while addressing the bad. The major financial challenge of healthcare reforms is controlling the costs. The problem here is not the high level of spending on healthcare but rather the rapid growth of spending on healthcare. The per capita spending in America continues to increase at a faster rate than per capita income. Economic projections indicate that persistence of this trend would lead to a relentless rise in income devoted to healthcare expenditure. A large portion of state and federal spending goes towards subsidization of health insurance. In 1975, federal expenditure on Medicaid and Medicare accounted for 6% of total non-interest federal spending. Today, this figure stands at 23%. Due to the increases in cost of healthcare, the CBO projects that, without reform, Medicaid and Medicare will account for about 35% of non-interest federal spending in 10 years’ time. This trend points toward

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mythology - Essay Example The beliefs and traditions that I can trace to my own ancestry are related to marriage, burial and roaming out at late night. The marriages that are conducted between two individuals are to be adjusted by elders, as it is believed that a marriage that is not arranged by elders will bring misfortune to the family. In addition, it is considered that the bride should be in white dress compulsorily as any other dress is not suitable for a bride and can bring disastrous results for the future lives of bride and groom. As far as burial is concerned, it is essential that all people should be dressed in black to indicate that they are sorrowful. For a death ceremony, black color is regarded as appropriate as it shows that everybody will be deprived of any color when death will come to him/her. Due to the beliefs that my family keeps, my family always regards that elders should be involved in all kind of decision making to avoid any kind of misfortune for the whole family. Misfortune can be related to the gods of fortune. My family never allows anyone to go out at late nights because it is regarded that evil and witchcraft are common at nights and can be harmful for anyone. This can be associated to gods of evil and witchcraft. 2. Are myths true? Literally? Whether true or not, do they have metaphoric truth to them? What is the relationship between myth and religion? Can on myth be more true than another? Can anyone claim absolute truth, and if so, how? Mostly myths are not true. However, those, which are associated to religion such as birth of Adam and Eve and their forced departure from heaven on the basis of their disobedience cannot be considered wrong as this is a true myth. Those myths that talk about gods and goddess such as sun god, goddess of love, goddess of evil, etc. are not true and are the outcome of those beliefs that ancient people used to keep because of their lack of knowledge concerning the phenomena of the universe. Metaphors and myths are related

IBM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IBM - Essay Example The company and employees welcome change as the main driver of success and profitability. IBM has 32 leaders responsible for certain organizational activities and performance. Customers and technology are the primary driving factors in this arena. Customers want products that satisfy their needs or improve their productivity. IBM looks for ways to deliver these benefits at a lower cost, smaller size, and higher speed. Operating within an industry with this kind of rapid change presents several challenges for personal computer and notebooks, namely production costs, intellectual property owners, and monopolies. In general, IBM is one of the profitable Corporations today and, as predicted, in future (Bellis, 2001). Strengths of IBM Corporation include knowledge, relationships, selling and history. The challenges of the company are based on high quality of products and services. Direct sales force maintains a relationship. Among the weaknesses are high competition and rapidly changing technology market. The innovative PC technology is not cheap and that is why not all the potential customers can afford it today. IBM, in contrast to Dell Corporation, tries to maintain high standards of service proposing and selling (the most important) to its customers high quality products. Taking into account his vision of the company, it is possible to say that central planning and negotiating inputs from might have gone, but there remained the assumption that some other agency would solve the problems: an assumption the CEO himself appeared to share. All of this was taking place within a structure which remained hierarchical, with little involvement of junior management or the workforce, who believed that their product could only sell locally and clung to the assumption that they could sell everything they could produce. All of the IBM leaders participate in the change

String and tube instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

String and tube instruments - Essay Example On account of some wind instruments, sound is generated by blowing through a reed; others presuppose buzzing into a metal mouthpiece. Sound from string instruments’ is created by the transformation of vibrating strings. Large strings are either culled or bowed to make sound. In both cases the string does not experience the basic situation of music depicted previously. Culling a string at the core does not make a superbly molded sinusoidal wave; rather you begin with a triangle shape on the string. It is clear that Fourier's work of rehashing shape could be structured from an arrangement of sine waves. Culling a string at the middle stresses the principal such that different music types will be incorporated. Culling the string at an area 1/4 of the path along the string makes the second consonant which creates a touch louder and at the same time availing different music. The consequence of culling at diverse areas is that the range produced is not uniform. In any case, culling the string verifies which sounds are underscored. In the culled case the triangle shape promptly changes over into a consolidation of sines and cosines, some of which decrease rapidly. Assuming that the string is bowed, the triangle wave is looked in such a way that the bow presses on to draw the string to one side at the purpose of contact. The triangle wave formed ventures out to the extension, reflects, and comes back to the bow’s contact area. The point when the purpose of the triangle shape comes back to the bow it makes the string break detaching from the bow. The wave proceeds and reflects off the fuss end, coming back to the bow once more, now making the string adhere to the bow. This slip-stick component upholds a triangle molded wave and proceeds to the string, reflecting from every close. At the end of the day, changing the area of the bow contact figures out will accentuate the music. Because Fourier's work to form from a series of sine waves. Now that the harmoni cs are included in the sound, they will remain through plucking in different locations. Again, there is no uniformity in the spectrum meaning that different harmonics will be emphasized as you pluck. When the string is plucked, it immediately converse to the combination sin and cosines. Now that some combinations die away quickly then the other, the sound generated by a string in different positions will be different. String instruments have harmonic resonances associated with a surface which has extra hints, some of which are not consonant. Most stringed instruments will have an empty figure with an opening so there is air resonances connected with the form hole. These resonances make it less demanding to achieve a given note and the note being played sounds louder. For most stringed instruments the extension transmits vibrations from the string to the group of the instrument. Numerous guitar and violin extensions are cut with fascinating shapes. This makes them more adaptable so t hey are closer to the thunder frequencies of the string and figure. The implication therefore is that they can go about many channels since they don't transmit frequent and effective frequencies. A few scaffolds will be somewhat adjusted with the goal of marginally changing the length of the string as it vibrates. This will definitely influence the frequencies emitted by the instrument. The picture on the left shows the extension of a